Plot Domains

For the plotting programs, the output is defined by a specific domain which either can be geographical or Cartesian. The plot_domain resource specifies this plotting coordinates.

In most cases, data are plotted based on a latitude longitude location. Since this is a spherical coordinate system and the plot will be of two dimensions, a transformation must occur. In the case of geographic plots, this is called a projection.

To locate the plot, a simple set of parameters must be specified.

1. the projection must be specified. By default, this is polar stereographic.
2. the central point must be determined which for map projections is by latitude, clat, and longitude, clon.
3. the domain size must be specified. This is simply done by specifying a size parameter dx. For regional plots, this size is 1. For the entire contiguous United States, the size is around 2.5. For hemispheric plots, use 8.

The default aspect ratio for the plot is 3 to 2. Once the domain has been determined, all data are then remapped to this domain before plotting.

Often there is more to the domain that needs to be specified. There are projection coordinates such as the projection latitude and longitude, the true latitudes and mapping factor corrections. These can all be specified with the full plot domain specification:

proj[:params],clat,clon,[nx,ny,]dx,dy

where:

• proj - The projection.

  MAP PROJECTIONS

  • ll or lat - latitude-longitude
  • ps or polar - polar stereographic
  • me or merc - mercator
  • lc or lamb - lambert conformal
  • la or az - lambert azimuthal
    
  • gn - gnomic
  • mo - mollweide
  • or - orthographic
  • sat - satellite

  NON-MAP PROJECTIONS

  • xy - X Y plot (cartesian) where lat=x, lon=y
    
  • xlogp - X log P plot where lat=x, lon=p
    
  • cat - category plot where lat=cat, lon=y
  • vert - vertical cross section (same as xlogp)
    
  • polar - polar plot where lat=dist, lon=angle
  • hodo - hodograph plot (same as polar)
    
  
  
  • skewt - skewT thermodynamic plot
  • stuve - stuve thermodynamic plot
  • ema - emagram thermodynamic plot
  • teph - tephigram thermodynamic plot
  • rteph - rotated tephigram thermodynamic plot
    
  • therm - thermodynamic plot (same as skewt)
    
    
• param - A colon ":" delimited list of projection specific parameters. The parameters are:
  
  [e:]plat:plon:p1:p2:p3:p4:p5

  Any number of these can be specified.
  e specifies elliptical earth computation (otherwise spherical)
  plat and plon define the projection latitude and longitude.
  
  polar stereographic: p1 is the true latitude,
  lambert conformal: p1 and p2 are the true latitudes,
  satellite: p1 is the satellite radius in 100s km and p2 is the angle toggle for satellite projection. If the satellite radius is not specified, this is assumed to be 421.64 (geosynchronous orbit). The angle toggle (if 1) specifes that distances are actually radian degrees*earth radius rather than distance on projection plane.
  For most projections p5 is the earth radius (def: 63.7122 in hundreds of km)

• clat,clon - This is the central point in the domain. For map projections, this is latitude and longitude. For other projections, it's X and Y (or P). The clat,clon can be replaced with "id:station" where the latitude and longitude are read in from a city database file (sao.cty by default) or just "XXXX" where this is the 4 letter station id in upper case. If you want to use a different database file, you need to specify it as "id:database_file:station".
• nx,ny - Specifies the number of grid points or pixels in each direction. For non-grid plots, this acts as the aspect ratio of the domain as nx-1 to ny-1. The default is 25,17 which gives a region with an aspect ratio of 3 to 2. This can be useful in the case where overlays might need to be drawn where the underlying data or image does not adhere to the true projection coordinate system. This is especially true of satellite images where the height of a scan line is not equal to the width of each picture element and therefore dx cannot be equal to dy to give a proper projection. Also, the number of gridpoints is used to scale wind vector length. The longest wind vector is scaled to one grid distance. (OPTIONAL, DEFAULT: 25,17)
• dx,dy - Specifies the grid spacing in the X and Y direction. The distance is in 100s of kilometers in projection space (latlon projection is latitude and longitude). The larger the value, the larger the domain. The full domain size is (nx-1)*dx by (ny-1)*dy. In some cases, this can be used to correct for unequal distances. This is especially true of satellite images where the width of one element on a scan line is not equal to the height on the scan line.

Specifying the Domain

There are several ways to specify the domain. Not all of the above parameters need to be specified in order for the program to know what to plot

NOTE: clat,clon can be replaced by id:xxxx or XXXX which will look up location in sao.cty file using station identifier xxxx. Use id:file:xxxx to look up location in file file.

The proj specification can always contain the [:params] specification.

Selecting a Domain for a Map Projection

In selecting a plot domain, first determine the center latitude and longitude of the domain. Next, determine the rough size of the domain to capture all the data of interest. Since domain is established as a grid, the size is dependent on number of gridpoints and grid spacing. The horizontal size is (nx-1)*dx in 100s of kilometers. Since the default grid is 25x17, the dx can be estimated by dividing size in kms by 2400. This makes a value of 1 for dx,dy adequate for regional plots and a value of just larger than 2 adequate for the continental US.

NOTE: This is a rough computation because different projections will yield slightly different domain sizes. Finally, adjust the aspect ratio of the plot by changing the nx,ny parameters. These may not need to be changed unless the domain is square or oblong.

Here are some examples:

Selecting a Domain for a non-Map Projection

This is done very similar to the map projections. First a center point is determined. Use X for clat and Y for clon. The grid and grid size is the same. If the projection is xlogp. The Y distance is actually in log P.

Selecting a Domain for Thermodynamic Projection

The difference with thermodynamic projections is that the vertical coordinate is either log P, log theta (tephigram) or some function of P (as in stuve). The central point is in temperature (C) and pressure (mb/hPa).

Selecting a Domain from a File

There are two ways to select a domain from a file.

• Single Domain -- in this case the file only contains the plot domain specification such as:

  sat:0:-75,34.95,-82.95,640,427,0.108,0.095

  where the plot domain would be -pd=fi:domfile

• Region File -- in this case the region string is looked up in the domain file. For example, the plot domain would be "-pd=sat.reg:goes_east" and the region goes_east would be looked up in the sat.reg file. See the section below on regions.

Region File

Specifying a full plot domain can be difficult. Therefore, a region file can be created to alias plot domain specifications. This default region file is wxp.reg. New regions can be added to this file. Here is an example line from the file:

us Contiguous_US 1 39,-97,2.3 ne New_England 1 42,-76,.9 at Atlantic 1 37,-82,.9 se Southeastern 1 31,-88,1.1 mw Midwestern 1 43,-93,1.1 cp Central_Plains 1 37,-95,1.1 sp Southern_Plains 1 32,-100,1.1 nw Northwestern 1 44,-114,1 sw Southwestern 1 37,-114,1 -- ------------ 1 --------- wcan Western_Canada 1 55,-110,1.4 ecan Eastern_Canada 1 53,-72,1.4 nhem North_Hemisphere 0 90,-90,25,25,8 shem South_Hemisphere 0 -90,-90,25,25,8 us02 US_2km 0 ps,38.5,-97,2800,2000,0.02,0.02

The alias is listed first, followed by a long name (all spaces must be underscores), followed by a menu toggle (not used) and finally the plot domain specification.

NOTE: Menu toggle is ignored in WXP 6.

This alias can now be specified as:

sfcplot -pd=us

Updated January 2021